California Pharmacist Vol. 73, No. 3 SUMMER 2026 - Magazine - Page 25
10. EPA application in pharmacy
APPEs
Frail CK, Chapman
SA, Moon JY, et al.
Application of an
entrustable professional activity model in
advanced pharmacy
practice experience
assessment. American
Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.
2015;79(5).
Describes implementing
an EPA model for APPE
assessment using a four-level
entrustment scale; uses EPA
performance for individual
preceptor assessments and
mid-APPE objective exams;
links EPA entrustment to
progression and graduation
decisions.
Reinforced the use of a simple 4-level scale and
the notion that minimum levels of entrustment
are tied to advancement—mirroring what the
checklist is trying to support.
11. Example of
longitudinal EPA
framework
Memorial University
(Faculty of Medicine). MED 8710 Core
Experiences Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC) Stream –
Phase 4, Class of 2025,
Assessment Plan.
Uses EPAs 1–13 with the
expectation that each EPA is
assessed as “entrustable” at
least twice; integrates e-clinic
cards and ITARs (In-Training
Assessment Reports) for formative and summative evaluations; includes 12-month
review tying entrustability
across EPAs to progression.
Provided an example of how brief, EPA-based
assessments by preceptors can be rolled up into
program-level decisions, analogous to what
pharmacy programs are moving toward.
Experiential/handbook examples referencing EPAs
12. Experiential
education handbook (pharmacy
example)
California Northstate University
College of Pharmacy. Experiential
Education Handbook
2024–2025.
Advises preceptors to review
planned activities based on
EPAs and supervise students
according to entrustable professional activities; defines
EPAs as units of professional
practice and tasks entrusted
when sufficient competence
is reached.
Showed how PharmD programs are already
integrating EPAs into preceptor guidance,
which the 1-page checklist is designed to
complement.
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